2019年西宁市城区PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及健康风险评价

目的 了解西宁市城区PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染水平，并对其致癌风险进行评价。方法 2019年每月10 - 16日在西宁市城北区和城东区采集PM2.5样品，对其16种美国环保署优控PAHs的质量浓度及其组成特征进行分析，运用毒性当量浓度及终身超额致癌风险(ECR)进行毒性评价。结果 城北区和城东区PM2.5年平均浓度分别为3.10×10 - 2 mg/m3和2.50×10 - 2 mg /m3，均低于国家标准。城北区、城东区PAHs总浓度年均值分别为16.53(1.62～259.25) ng/m3和10.96(0.55～88.45) ng/m3，且2个区春季、夏季、秋季和冬季均以4～6环PAHs为主。PAHs的主要来源有燃煤及薪柴燃烧、汽油排放。毒性评价结果表明,16种PAHs以BaP为参照物的等效质量浓度(BaPeq)范围为2.00×10 - 5～3.32 ng/m3，城北区、城东区中ΣBaPeq分别为4.27 ng/m3、2.97ng/m3，BaP毒性最强，对ΣBaPeq的贡献率占75%以上; 城北区、城东区中Σ16PAHs的总ECR分别为3.72×10 - 4和2.58×10 - 4。结论 西宁市城区PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)终身呼吸性患癌风险（ECR）大于10 - 4，对西宁市城区居民具有潜在健康风险。     

青海省2014-2019年肺结核患者就诊延迟情况及影响因素

  目的  分析青海省2014-2019年肺结核患者就诊延迟的现状、变化趋势以及影响因素。  方法  对青海省2014-2019年肺结核患者就诊延迟现状及变化趋势进行描述,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析肺结核患者就诊延迟影响因素。  结果  青海省2014-2019年肺结核患者就诊延迟率为49.6%,并呈现逐年下降趋势,且不同性别和年龄组患者就诊延迟率也均呈下降趋势;多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,≥15岁年龄组、患者来源中的因症推荐、追踪和治疗分类中的复治是发生就诊延迟的高风险患者。非农民职业患者发生就诊延迟风险低于农民患者。  结论  青海省2014-2019年肺结核患者就诊延迟率较高,呈现下降趋势。年龄、职业、患者来源和治疗分类是肺结核患者就诊延迟的影响因素,应加强关注发生就诊延迟高风险患者。     

青海省学生肺结核患者治疗转归及影响因素

  目的  分析青海省学生肺结核患者治疗转归的现况及其影响因素,为完善学校肺结核防控策略提供依据。  方法  收集青海省2015—2019年学生肺结核流行病学信息并分析描述其治疗转归现况,通过构建二元logistic回归分析模型分析影响学生肺结核患者治疗转归的相关因素。  结果  学生肺结核患者治疗成功率为89.08%,呈逐年上升趋势(χ2 =120.630, P < 0.001)。不同市(州)学生肺结核患者治疗成功率差异有统计学意义(χ2 =67.866, P < 0.001)。多因素分析结果显示少数民族、发生就诊延迟、复治和非全程督导管理是影响治疗转归的危险因素。  结论  学生肺结核患者治疗成功率较高,但受多种因素影响,应加强关注、采取有效措施进一步提升。     

Serum Metabonomics of Articular Cartilage Destruction Induced by T-2 Toxin in Wistar Rats

正The molecular pathogenesis of T-2toxin-induced cartilage destruction has not been fully unraveled yet.The aim of this study was to detect changes in serum metabolites in a rat anomaly model with articular cartilage destruction.Thirty healthy male Wistar rats were fed a diet containing T-2 toxin(300 ng/kg chow)for 3 months.     

Epigenetic dimension of oxygen radical injury in spermatogonial epithelial cells

The present work reports a direct role of mitochondrial oxidative stress induced aberrant chromatin regulation, as a central phenomenon, to perturbed genomic integrity in the testicular milieu. Oxygen-radical injury following N-succinimidyl N-methylcarbamate treatment in mouse spermatogonial epithelial (GC-1 spg) cells induced functional derailment of mitochondrial machinery. Mitophagy resulted in marked inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and reduced mtDNA copy number. Impaired cell cycle progression along with altered H3K9me1, H4K20me3, H3, AcH3 and uH2A histone modifications were observed in the treated cells. Dense heterochromatin foci and aberrant expression of HP1α in nuclei of treated cells implied onset of senescence associated secretory phenotype mediated through nuclear accumulation of NF-κB. Neoplastic nature of daughter clones, emerged from senescent mother phenotypes was confirmed by cytogenetic instability, aberrant let-7a and let-7b miRNA expression and anchorage independent growth. Together, our results provide the first insights of redox-dependent epigenomic imbalance in spermatogonia, a previously unknown molecular paradigm.     

In vitro protoscolicidal effects of high-intensity focused ultrasound enhanced by a superabsorbent polymer

Echinococcus granulosus, the etiologic agent of cystic echinococcosis in humans and other animal hosts, is distributed worldwide. Echinococcosis is an increasing public health and socioeconomic concern. The present work evaluated whether or not a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) could enhance the damage efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on the viability of E. granulosus protoscolices in vitro. HIFU of 100 W acoustic power and 0.01 g superabsorbent polymer were used to treat 5,000 protoscolices in 2-ml protoscolices suspension. After different HIFU exposure time (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 s, respectively), the temperature of protoscolices suspension was taken, and the treated protoscolices were stained by trypan-blue exclusion assay, and their structures were observed by light microscopy. To better understand the biological mechanisms responsible for the deaths of protoscolices, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of the protoscolices treated with HIFU was examined. The temperature of protoscolices suspension treated with HIFU rose slowly, and the death rate of protoscolices was 73.7 % in the group of HIFU treatment time of 40 s; however, with the same HIFU treatment time of 40 s, the temperature of protoscolices suspension in the group of HIFU combined with SAP rose quickly, and the death rate of protoscolices was 100 %. The same protoscolicidal effect (100 %) of HIFU of 100 W acoustic power combined with SAP was also observed in the groups of HIFU treatment time of 50 and 60 s, respectively. The dead protoscolices were stained to blue, shrunken and black calcareous corpuscles, and disordered and decreasing hooks though of intact membrane, as well as some protoscolices lost hooks and tore open on membrane were observed. In the group of HIFU combined with SAP, it was found that the superabsorbent polymer was surrounded by the spoiled, and the destruction of protoscolices was much stronger than in the group of HIFU. The dead protoscolices exhibited the reduction or absence of SDH staining intensity in the parenchymal cell and calcareous corpuscles after HIFU irradiation, where a large number of necrotic cells were evident. These results suggested that HIFU could induce the damage and loss of viability of protoscolices; SAP could enhance the HIFU energy focused and cause more severe destruction efficacy on protoscolices; and mitochondrial energetic function is involved in the regulation of cell-death pathways of protoscolices.     

2009-2013年青海省艾滋病综合防治示范区HIV/AIDS报告病例流行病学特征分析

目的分析青海省艾滋病综合防治示范区2009-2013年间HIV/AIDS报告病例的流行病学特征,为今后艾滋病防控工作的开展提供依据。方法对2009-2013年青海省艾滋病综合防治示范区报告的HIV/AIDS病例的流行病学调查资料进行统计学描述分析。结果 2009-2013年7个示范区共报告HIV/AIDS病例343例,以省内户籍为主(占83.38%),男女性别比为5.60:1,汉族占64.72%,20~49岁性活跃人群占87.46%。婚姻状况以未婚为主,初中及以下文化程度所占比例最大,各类职业人群均有病例报告。感染途径以性传播为主,占91.84%;其中同性传播报告病例数最多。检测样本来源主要为医院内住院及门诊检测。结论青海省艾滋病综合防治示范区病例报告呈逐年递增态势,今后要加强少数民族人口艾滋病防治知识的宣传教育和行为干预,加大对MSM人群的干预力度。     

Chromosomal Rearrangement Features of Yersinia pestis Strains from Natural Plague Foci in China

The Yersinia pestis chromosome contains a large variety and number of insert sequences that have resulted in frequent chromosome rearrangement events. To identify the chromosomal rearrangement features of Y. pestis strains from five typical plague foci in China and study spontaneous DNA rearrangements potentially stabilized in certain lineages of Y. pestis genomes, we examined the linking mode of locally collinear blocks (LCBs) in 30 Y. pestis strains by a polymerase chain reaction-based method. Our results suggest most strains have relatively stable chromosomal arrangement patterns, and these rearrangement characteristics also have a very close relationship with the geographical origin. In addition, some LCB linking modes are only present in specific strains. We conclude Y. pestis chromosome rearrangement patterns may reflect the genetic features of specific geographical areas and can be applied to distinguish Y. pestis isolates; furthermore, most of the rearrangement events are stable in certain lineages of Y. pestis genomes.     

山西省1例新发内脏利什曼病病例调查

2011年9月,山西省长治市疾病预防控制中心通过传染病网络直报系统报告1例幼儿内脏利什曼病新发病例。围绕该病例展开了相关的临床个案和现场流行病学调查。患儿,2岁,山西省长治市黄碾镇人。临床检查示患儿肝脾肿大,血常规检查示全血细胞呈持续性降低,骨髓病理涂片发现利杜体,rK39免疫诊断试条检测示强阳性,确诊为内脏利什曼病。患儿经葡萄糖酸锑钠治疗1个疗程(总剂量为150～200 mg/kg,分6 d注射,1次/d)后,症状明显好转。现场调查该病例所在地区无内脏利什曼病既往病例。居民家中犬和家养动物的数量较多。采用rK39免疫诊断试条对周围人群(17人)及部分家养动物(3只犬、1头羊和1只猫)血样进行检测,结果均为阴性。推测该地区存在内脏利什曼病潜在流行风险。     

2011年四川省巴塘县鼠疫自然疫源地调查结果分析

目的证实巴塘县是否存在喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地,为四川省鼠疫防治提供科学依据。方法对巴塘县进行鼠疫流行病学调查,同时进行实验室检测。结果细菌培养自毙喜马拉雅旱獭1份,分离鼠疫菌1株;胶体金检测牧犬血清52份,阳性血清12份,阳性率为23.08%;间接血凝试验(IHA)检测牧犬血清52份,阳性血清10份,最高滴度为1∶40 960,阳性率19.23%;反向血凝试验(RIHA)检测反向血液1份,其滴度为1∶12 800。结论四川省巴塘县为喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地,并且动物间鼠疫正在流行,做好鼠疫防治工作,防止人间鼠疫的发生。